01. Uqhelene nendlela yothutho
"Kuyimfuneko ukuqonda indlela yokuthutha elwandle."Ngokomzekelo, ukuya kumachweba aseYurophu, nangona iinkampani ezininzi zokuthumela zinomohluko phakathi kwamazibuko asisiseko kunye namachweba angewona asisiseko, umahluko kwiindleko zomthwalo ubuncinci phakathi kwe-100-200 yeedola zase-US.Nangona kunjalo, ulwahlulo lweenkampani ezahlukeneyo zeenqanawa ziya kwahluka.Ukwazi ulwahlulo lweenkampani ezahlukeneyo kunokufumana umyinge wempahla yezibuko elisisiseko ngokukhetha inkampani yezothutho.
Ngomnye umzekelo, kukho iindlela ezimbini zothutho zamazibuko kunxweme olusempuma yeUnited States: indlela yamanzi epheleleyo kunye nebhulorho yomhlaba, kwaye umahluko wamaxabiso phakathi kwezi zimbini ngamakhulu aliqela eedola.Ukuba awuhlangabezani neshedyuli yokuthumela ngenqanawa, unokucela inkampani yokuthumela ngenqanawa indlela epheleleyo yokuhamba kwamanzi.
02. Cwangcisa ngononophelo uhambo lokuqala lothutho
Kukho iindleko ezohlukeneyo kubanini bempahla kumhlaba omkhulu ukukhetha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho lwangaphakathi."Ngokuthetha ngokubanzi, ixabiso lokuthutha uloliwe lincinci, kodwa iinkqubo zokuhanjiswa kunye nokuthatha ziyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ifanelekile kwii-odolo ezinobuninzi kunye nexesha elifutshane lokuhambisa. kwaye ixabiso lixabisa kancinci kunezothutho zikaloliwe.""Eyona ndlela ibiza kakhulu Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukulayisha ngokuthe ngqo isikhongozeli kumzi-mveliso okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla, efanelekileyo kuphela ezo zinto zibuthathaka ezingafanelanga ukulayishwa nokuthululwa okuninzi. Ngokubanzi, kungcono ukuba ungayisebenzisi le ndlela."
Ngaphantsi kwemeko ye-FOB, iphinda ibandakanye ilungiselelo lokuthutha umlenze wokuqala ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.Abantu abaninzi baye bafumana amava anjalo angathandekiyo: phantsi kwemiqathango ye-FOB, iintlawulo zokuthunyelwa kwangaphambili zidideka kakhulu kwaye azikho imigaqo.Kuba iyinkampani yokuthumela ngenqanawa ekhethwe ngumthengi kuhambo lwesibini, umthumeli akanakukhetha.
Iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa zineenkcazo ezahlukeneyo zoku.Ezinye zifuna umnini ahlawule zonke iindleko ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa: imali yokupakisha, intlawulo yedokhi, intlawulo yenqwelwana;abanye bafuna kuphela ukuhlawula umrhumo wetreyila ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla ukuya kwidokhi;ezinye zifuna iintlawulo ezongeziweyo kwintlawulo yetreyila ngokwendawo yendawo yokugcina impahla..Le ntlawulo idla ngokugqitha kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko zothutho xa ucaphula ngelo xesha.
Isisombululo kukuqinisekisa kunye nomthengi indawo yokuqala yeendleko zamaqela omabini phantsi kwemiqathango yeFOB.Umthumeli uya kugxininisa ngokubanzi ukuba uxanduva lokuhanjiswa kwempahla kwindawo yokugcina impahla luphelile.Malunga nomrhumo wokurhuqa ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla ukuya kwitheminali, umrhumo wetheminali, njl.njl. zonke zibandakanyiwe kwimpahla yaselwandle yohambo lwesibini kwaye ihlawulwe ngumthumeli.
Ngoko ke, okokuqala, xa uxoxisana nomyalelo, zama ukwenza isivumelwano malunga nemigaqo ye-CIF, ukwenzela ukuba i-initiative yelungiselelo lokuthutha konke ezandleni zakho;okwesibini, ukuba isivumelwano ngenene ngokwemiqathango ye-FOB, uya kuqhagamshelana nenkampani yezothutho echongwe ngumthengi kwangaphambili, Qinisekisa zonke iindleko ngokubhaliweyo.Isizathu soku okokuqala kukuthintela inkampani yezothutho ekuhlawuleni ngaphezulu emva kokuba iimpahla zithunyelwe;okwesibini, ukuba kukho into embi kakhulu embindini, uya kuthetha-thethana nomthengi kwakhona kwaye acele ukutshintsha inkampani yezothutho okanye acele umthengi ukuba athwale iprojekthi yeentlawulo ezithile.
03. Sebenzisana kakuhle nenkampani yezothutho
Umthwalo ugcina ubukhulu becala imithwalo, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda inkqubo yokusebenza kwenkampani yezothutho.Ukuba balungiselela ngokweemfuno zomthumeli, amaqela amabini asebenzisana ngokucokisekileyo, akakwazi nje ukugcina ezinye iindleko ezingeyomfuneko, kodwa anokwenza iimpahla zithunyelwe ngokukhawuleza.Ke, yeyiphi imiba ezi mfuneko zibhekisa kuyo?
Okokuqala, sinethemba lokuba umthumeli unokubhukisha isithuba kwangaphambili aze alungiselele iimpahla kwangethuba.Sukungxama ukufaka iodolo kusuku olunye okanye ezimbini phambi komhla wokuvalwa kweshedyuli yokuthumela ngenqanawa, kwaye wazise inkampani yezothutho emva kokuzisa iimpahla kwindawo yokugcina okanye idokhi uwedwa.Abathumeli beenqanawa abaphucukileyo bayazazi iinkqubo zabo zokusebenza kwaye ngokubanzi abazi.Wazisa ukuba ishedyuli ye-liner ngokubanzi ibakho kanye ngeveki, kwaye umnini-mpahla ufanele abhukishe isithuba kwangaphambili aze angene kwindawo yokugcina impahla ngokwexesha elilungiselelwe yinkampani yezothutho.Akulunganga ukuhambisa iimpahla kwangoko okanye emva kwexesha kakhulu.Ngenxa yokuba umhla wokunqunyulwa kwenqanawa yangaphambili awukho ngexesha, ukuba ihlehlisiwe kwinqanawa elandelayo, kuya kubakho umrhumo ogqithisiweyo wokugcina.
Okwesibini, enoba isibhengezo serhafu sigudile okanye akunjalo sinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nombandela weendleko.Oku kubonakala ngokukodwa kwizibuko laseShenzhen.Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iimpahla zithunyelwa eHong Kong nge-port yomhlaba efana ne-Man Kam To okanye i-Huanggang Port ukubamba ishedyuli yesibini yokuthumela, ukuba imvume ye-custos ayidluliswanga ngomhla wokubhengezwa kwe-custos, inkampani yokudonsa iloli yodwa intlawulo 3,000 Hong Kong dollar.Ukuba itreyila ngumhla wokugqibela wokubamba inqanawa yesibini esuka eHong Kong, kwaye ukuba iyasilela ukubamba ishedyuli yokuthumela ngenqanawa ngenxa yokulibaziseka kokubhengezwa kwamasiko, ngoko umrhumo ogqithisiweyo wokugcina kwi-terminal yaseHong Kong uya kuba mkhulu kakhulu ukuba ithunyelwa kwisikhululo senqanawa ngosuku olulandelayo ukubamba inqanawa elandelayo.inani.
Okwesithathu, amaxwebhu e-custos declaration kufuneka atshintshwe emva kokuba imeko yokupakisha itshintshile.Isiko ngalinye linokuhlolwa okuqhelekileyo kwempahla.Ukuba amasiko afumanisa ukuba inani langempela alihambisani nenani elibhengeziweyo, liya kubamba iimpahla zophando.Akuyi kuba nemirhumo yokuhlola kuphela kunye nemali yokugcina idokhi, kodwa izohlwayo ezibekwe ngamasiko ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kukwenza uzive ulusizi ixesha elide.
04. Khetha ngokuchanekileyo inkampani yokuthumela kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla
Ngoku zonke iinkampani zeenqanawa ezidumileyo zehlabathi ziye zahlala eTshayina, kwaye onke amazibuko amakhulu aneeofisi zawo.Ewe, zininzi izinto eziluncedo ekwenzeni ishishini naba banini-nqanawa: amandla abo omelele, inkonzo yabo igqwesileyo, kwaye imisebenzi yabo isemgangathweni.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awungomnini wempahla omkhulu kwaye awukwazi ukufumana amaxabiso akhethekileyo othutho kubo, inokufumana abanini beenqanawa ezinobungakanani obuphakathi okanye abathumeli bomthwalo
Kubanini bempahla abancinci nabaphakathi, ixabiso labanini beenqanawa ezinkulu libiza kakhulu.Nangona ikowuti isezantsi kumthumeli wempahla emncinci kakhulu, kunzima ukuyiqinisekisa inkonzo ngenxa yamandla ayo angonelanga.Ukongeza, azikho zininzi iiofisi kwilizwekazi lenkampani enkulu yokuthumela ngenqanawa, ngoko ke wakhetha abathumeli bempahla abaphakathi.Okokuqala, ixabiso lifanelekile, kwaye okwesibini, intsebenziswano iyancipha ngakumbi emva kwentsebenziswano yexesha elide.
Emva kokusebenzisana naba badluliseli abaphakathi ixesha elide, ungafumana imithwalo ephantsi kakhulu.Abanye abathumeli bempahla baya kwazisa ngenyaniso ixabiso elisisiseko, kunye nenzuzo encinci, njengexabiso lokuthengisa kumthumeli.Kwimarike yokuthumela ngenqanawa, iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa okanye abathumeli bempahla baneenzuzo zabo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.Fumana inkampani enenzuzo ekusebenziseni indlela ethile, ayiyi kuba kufutshane nje kuphela ishedyuli yokuthumela, kodwa iireyithi zabo zokuthutha ngokuqhelekileyo zezona zincinci kwimarike.
Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlele ngokwemakethi yakho yokuthumela ngaphandle.Ngokomzekelo, iimpahla ezithunyelwa eUnited States zinikwa inkampani enye, zize ezo zithunyelwe eYurophu zinikwe enye inkampani.Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ube nokuqonda okuthile kwimarike yokuthumela.
05. Funda ukuxoxisana neenkampani zokuthumela
Nokuba ngaba ikhoteyishini enikezelwe yinkampani yokuthumela ngenqanawe okanye abasebenzi beshishini lomthumeli wempahla xa kufunwa iimpahla kuphela lelona zinga liphezulu lomthwalo wenkampani, singakanani isaphulelo ongasifumana kwixabiso lomthwalo kuxhomekeke ekukwazini kwakho ukurhweba.
Ngokubanzi, phambi kokwamkela ireyithi yomthwalo wenkampani, unokubuza kunye neenkampani ezininzi ukuqonda iimeko zentengiso ezisisiseko.Isaphulelo esinokufunyanwa kumthumeli wempahla siqhelekile malunga ne-50 yeedola zaseMelika.Ukusuka kwi-bill of lading ekhutshwe ngumthumeli wempahla, siyakwazi ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi inkampani ekugqibeleni athe wahlala nayo.Ngexesha elizayo, uya kufumana loo nkampani ngokuthe ngqo kwaye afumane ireyithi yomthwalo othe ngqo.
Izakhono zokuthethathethana nenkampani yokuthumela inqanawa ziquka:
1. Ukuba ngokwenene ungumthengi omkhulu, unokusayina ngokuthe ngqo isivumelwano kunye naye kwaye ufake isicelo samaxabiso akhethekileyo othutho.
2. Fumana amaxabiso othutho ahlukeneyo afunyenwe ngokubhengeza amagama ahlukeneyo emithwalo.Uninzi lweenkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa zihlawulisa ngokwahlukeneyo iimpahla.Ezinye iimpahla zinokuba neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlela.Ngokomzekelo, i-citric acid inokuxelwa njengokutya, kuba iyinto ekrwada yokwenza iziselo, kwaye inokuthi ixelwe njengezinto eziphathekayo zekhemikhali.Umahluko wesantya somthwalo phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeempahla ungafikelela kuma-200 eedola zaseMelika.
3. Ukuba awungxamanga, ungakhetha inqanawa ecothayo okanye inqanawa engathanga ngqo.Ewe, oku kufuneka kube phantsi kwesiseko sokungachaphazeli ukufika ngexesha.Ixabiso lempahla kwimarike yempahla yolwandle iyatshintsha amaxesha ngamaxesha, kungcono ukuba ube nolwazi oluthile kulo mbandela ngokwakho.Bambalwa abathengisi abaya kuthatha inyathelo lokuqala ukukwazisa ngokuncipha kwempahla.Ewe, abayi kusilela ukukuxelela xa iindleko zokuthumela zinyuka.Ukongezelela, phakathi kwabasebenzi bezoshishino obaziyo, kufuneka uphinde ubeke ingqalelo "kwinto eyaziwayo" yelinye iqela ngokwemilinganiselo yomthwalo.
06. Izakhono zokuphatha iimpahla ze-LCL
Inkqubo yothutho ye-LCL inzima kakhulu kune-FCL, kwaye imithwalo iguquguqukayo.Kukho iinkampani ezininzi zokuthumela ngenqanawa ezenza i-FCL, kwaye ixabiso liya kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwimarike yokuthumela.Ewe kunjalo, i-LCL nayo inexabiso lemarike evulekileyo, kodwa iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo zeenkampani zothutho ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka kakhulu, ngoko ke ixabiso lomthwalo kuluhlu lwamaxabiso enkampani yezothutho liya kuba yinxalenye yentlawulo yokugqibela.
Into echanekileyo kukuba, okokuqala, qinisekisa zonke izinto ezihlawuliswayo ngokubhaliweyo ukujonga ukuba ikowuteshini yabo lixabiso lemali esisixa-mali, ukuze kuthintelwe umphathiswa ukuba athathe inyathelo emva koko.Okwesibini, kukubala ubunzima kunye nobukhulu bempahla ngokucacileyo ukuthintela ukuba bangayibhubhisi.
Nangona ezinye iinkampani zezothutho zibonelela ngamaxabiso aphantsi, zidla ngokuwanyusa amaxabiso ngokuzifihla ngokubaxa iintlawulo zobunzima okanye ubungakanani.Okwesithathu, kukufumana inkampani ekhethekileyo kwi-LCL.Olu hlobo lwenkampani luhlanganisa ngokuthe ngqo izikhongozeli, kwaye imithwalo kunye neentlawulo ezongezelelweyo abazibizayo ziphantsi kakhulu kunezo zeenkampani eziphakathi.
Nokuba nangaliphi na ixesha, akulula ukufumana yonke ipeni.Ndiyathemba ukuba wonke umntu unokugcina ngaphezulu kwezothutho kunye nokwandisa inzuzo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-07-2023
