01. Ndiqhelene nendlela yothutho
"Kuyimfuneko ukuqonda indlela yokuthutha elwandle." Umzekelo, kwiizibuko zaseYurophu, nangona uninzi lweenkampani zokuthutha zinomahluko phakathi kweezibuko ezisisiseko kunye neezibuko ezingezizo ezisisiseko, umahluko kwiindleko zokuthutha ubuncinci uphakathi kweedola zaseMelika ezili-100-200. Nangona kunjalo, ukwahlulwahlulwa kweenkampani zokuthutha ezahlukeneyo kuya kwahluka. Ukwazi ukwahlulwahlulwa kweenkampani ezahlukeneyo kunokufumana izinga lokuthutha lezibuko elisisiseko ngokukhetha inkampani yokuthutha.
Umzekelo, kukho iindlela ezimbini zothutho kwiindawo zokungena kunxweme olusempuma ye-United States: umzila wamanzi opheleleyo kunye nebhulorho yomhlaba, kwaye umahluko wexabiso phakathi kwezi zimbini ngamakhulu aliqela eedola. Ukuba awuhlangabezani neshedyuli yokuthumela, ungacela inkampani yokuthumela ukuba ikunike indlela epheleleyo yokuthutha amanzi.
02. Cwangcisa ngononophelo uhambo lokuqala lokuhamba
Kukho iindleko ezahlukeneyo kubanini bemithwalo kwilizwekazi ukukhetha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthutha ngaphakathi. "Ngokubanzi, ixabiso lokuthuthwa ngololiwe lelona liphantsi, kodwa iinkqubo zokuhambisa nokulanda ziyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye zifanelekile kwiiodolo ezinobuninzi obukhulu kunye nexesha elifutshane lokuhambisa. Ukuthuthwa kwelori kulula, ixesha likhawuleza, kwaye ixabiso libiza kancinci kunelokuthutha ngololiwe." "Eyona ibiza kakhulu Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukufaka isitya ngqo kumzi-mveliso okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla, esifanelekileyo kuphela kwezo zinto zibuthathaka ezingafanelekanga ukulayisha nokukhulula izinto ezininzi. Ngokubanzi, kungcono ukungasebenzisi le ndlela."
Phantsi kwemeko ye-FOB, ikwabandakanya ilungiselelo lokuthuthwa kwesithuthi ngaphambi kokuba sithunyelwe. Abantu abaninzi baye baba namava angathandekiyo: phantsi kwemigaqo ye-FOB, iindleko zokuthunyelwa kwangaphambili ziyadida kakhulu kwaye azinamithetho. Ngenxa yokuba yinkampani yokuthumela etyunjwe ngumthengi kuhambo lwesibini, umthumeli akanakukhetha.
Iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa zinezizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku. Ezinye zifuna umnini ukuba ahlawule zonke iindleko ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe: umrhumo wokupakisha, umrhumo wedokhi, umrhumo wetreyila; ezinye zifuna kuphela umrhumo wetreyila ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla; ezinye zifuna iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ezahlukeneyo kumrhumo wetreyila ngokwendawo ekuyo indawo yokugcina impahla. . Le ntlawulo idla ngokugqitha uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweendleko zokuthutha xa kukho isaphulelo ngelo xesha.
Isisombululo kukuqinisekisa nomthengi indawo yokuqala yeendleko zamaqela omabini phantsi kwemigaqo ye-FOB. Umthumeli ngokubanzi uya kugxininisa ukuba uxanduva lokuhanjiswa kweempahla kwindawo yokugcina impahla luphelile. Ngokuphathelele umrhumo wokurhuqwa ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina impahla ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla, umrhumo wesiphelo, njl. zonke zibandakanyiwe kumthwalo wolwandle wohambo lwesibini kwaye zihlawulwa ngumthumeli.
Ngoko ke, okokuqala, xa uthethathethana nge-odolo, zama ukwenza isivumelwano ngemigaqo ye-CIF, ukuze inyathelo lelungiselelo lokuthuthwa libe sezandleni zakho; okwesibini, ukuba isivumelwano sikwimigaqo ye-FOB, uya kuqhagamshelana nenkampani yezothutho echongwe ngumthengi kwangaphambili, Qinisekisa zonke iindleko ngokubhaliweyo. Isizathu soku kuqala kukuthintela inkampani yezothutho ekuhlawuliseni ngaphezulu emva kokuba iimpahla zithunyelwe; okwesibini, ukuba kukho into embi kakhulu phakathi, uya kuthethathethana nomthengi kwakhona aze acele ukutshintsha inkampani yezothutho okanye acele umthengi ukuba athwale iindleko ezithile zeprojekthi.
03. Sebenzisana kakuhle nenkampani yezothutho
Impahla ikakhulu igcina imithwalo, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda inkqubo yokusebenza kwenkampani yezothutho. Ukuba balungiselela ngokweemfuno zomthumeli, la maqela mabini ayasebenzisana buthule, angagcini nje ngokonga ezinye iindleko ezingeyomfuneko, kodwa anokwenza iimpahla zithunyelwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, zeziphi iinkalo ezibhekiselele kuzo ezi mfuno?
Okokuqala, kunethemba lokuba umthumeli angabhukisha indawo kwangaphambili aze alungiselele iimpahla ngexesha. Musa ukungxama ukufaka iodolo ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela weshedyuli yokuthumela, kwaye wazise inkampani yezothutho emva kokuhambisa iimpahla kwindawo yokugcina impahla okanye echwebeni ngokwakho. Abathumeli abanobuchule bayazi iinkqubo zabo zokusebenza kwaye ngokubanzi abazi. Wazisa ukuba ishedyuli ye-general liner iba kanye ngeveki, kwaye umnini wempahla kufuneka abhukishe indawo kwangaphambili aze angene kwindawo yokugcina impahla ngokwexesha elicwangcisiweyo yinkampani yezothutho. Akulunganga ukuhambisa iimpahla kwangethuba kakhulu okanye kade kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba umhla wokugqibela wenqanawa yangaphambili awukho ngexesha, ukuba ihlehliselwe kwinqanawa elandelayo, kuya kubakho umrhumo wokugcina odlulelwe lixesha.
Okwesibini, nokuba isibhengezo seempahla sihamba kakuhle okanye akunjalo kunxulumene ngqo nomba weendleko. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi kwizibuko laseShenzhen. Umzekelo, ukuba iimpahla zithunyelwa eHong Kong ngezibuko lomhlaba ezifana neMan Kam To okanye iHuanggang Port ukuze zibambe ishedyuli yesibini yokuthumela, ukuba imvume yezempahla ayidluliswanga ngomhla wesibhengezo seempahla, inkampani erhuqa iilori yodwa iya kuhlawulisa iidola ezingama-3,000 zaseHong Kong. Ukuba itreyila lixesha lokugqibela lokubamba inqanawa yesibini isuka eHong Kong, kwaye ukuba ayifikeleli kwishedyuli yokuthumela ngenxa yokulibaziseka kwesibhengezo seempahla, ngoko ke umrhumo wokugcina osele ulindelwe kwisikhululo saseHong Kong uya kuba mkhulu kakhulu ukuba uthunyelwa echwebeni ngosuku olulandelayo ukuze ubambe inombolo yenqanawa elandelayo.
Okwesithathu, amaxwebhu esibhengezo serhafu yempahla kufuneka atshintshwe emva kokuba imeko yokupakisha itshintshile. Irhafu nganye inokuhlolwa rhoqo kwempahla. Ukuba irhafu yempahla ifumanisa ukuba ubungakanani bokwenyani abuhambelani nobungakanani obuchaziweyo, iya kuzigcina iimpahla ukuze ziphandwe. Akuyi kubakho nje kuphela iifizi zokuhlolwa kunye neefizi zokugcina iinqanawa, kodwa neentlawulo ezibekwa yirhafu yempahla ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kukwenza uzive ulusizi ixesha elide.
04. Khetha ngokuchanekileyo inkampani yokuthumela impahla kunye nomthengisi wempahla
Ngoku zonke iinkampani zokuthutha imithwalo ezidumileyo kwihlabathi zifikile eTshayina, kwaye zonke izibuko ezinkulu zineeofisi zazo. Kakade ke, zininzi iingenelo zokwenza ushishino naba banini beenqanawa: amandla abo aqinile, inkonzo yabo igqwesileyo, kwaye imisebenzi yabo isemgangathweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awungomnini wemithwalo omkhulu kwaye awukwazi ukufumana amaxabiso akhethekileyo emithwalo kubo, unokufumana abanye abanini beenqanawa abaphakathi okanye abathumeli bemithwalo.
Kubanini bempahla encinci nephakathi, ixabiso labanini beenqanawa ezinkulu libiza kakhulu. Nangona ikowuteshini iphantsi kumthumeli wempahla omncinci kakhulu, kunzima ukuqinisekisa inkonzo ngenxa yokuba ayinawo amandla aneleyo. Ukongeza, azikho iiofisi ezininzi kwilizwekazi lenkampani enkulu yokuthumela impahla, ngoko wakhetha ezinye ii-trader zempahla eziphakathi. Okokuqala, ixabiso lifanelekile, kwaye okwesibini, intsebenziswano ayithethi kakhulu emva kwentsebenziswano yexesha elide.
Emva kokusebenzisana nezi zithuthi ziphakathi ixesha elide, ungafumana imithwalo ephantsi kakhulu. Abanye abaqhubi bemithwalo baya kwazisa ixabiso elisisiseko, kunye nenzuzo encinci, njengexabiso lokuthengisa kumthumeli. Kwimarike yokuthumela, iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela okanye abaqhubi bemithwalo banezibonelelo zabo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Fumana inkampani enethuba lokusebenza kwindlela ethile, ayizukusondela nje kuphela kwishedyuli yokuthumela, kodwa amaxabiso abo emithwalo ngokubanzi aphantsi kakhulu kwimarike.
Kungoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlele ngokwemarike yakho yokuthumela ngaphandle. Umzekelo, iimpahla ezithunyelwa eMelika zinikezelwa kwinkampani enye, kwaye iimpahla ezithunyelwa eYurophu zinikezelwa kwenye inkampani. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ube nokuqonda okuthile ngemarike yokuthumela.
05. Funda ukuxoxisana neenkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa
Nokuba ikhowuteshini evezwa yinkampani yokuthumela impahla okanye ngabasebenzi beshishini lokuthutha impahla xa becela impahla yeyona xabiso liphezulu lempahla yenkampani, ukuba ungafumana isaphulelo esingakanani kwixabiso lempahla kuxhomekeke ekubeni uyakwazi na ukuxoxisana.
Ngokubanzi, ngaphambi kokuba wamkele ixabiso lempahla yenkampani, ungabuza neenkampani ezininzi ukuze uqonde iimeko zemarike ezisisiseko. Isaphulelo esinokufunyanwa kumthumeli wempahla ngokubanzi simalunga needola ezingama-50 zaseMelika. Kwiphepha lomthwalo elikhutshwe ngumthumeli wempahla, singazi ukuba leliphi inkampani ekugqibeleni agqibe ekubeni agqibe ekubeni afikelele kuyo. Ngexesha elizayo, uza kuyifumana loo nkampani ngokuthe ngqo aze afumane ixabiso lempahla ngqo.
Izakhono zokuxoxisana nenkampani yokuthumela imithwalo ziquka:
1. Ukuba ungumthengi omkhulu ngokwenene, ungasayina isivumelwano naye ngqo uze ufake isicelo seerhafu zokuthutha ezikhethwayo.
2. Fumanisa amaxabiso ahlukeneyo okuthutha impahla afunyenwe ngokubhengeza amagama ahlukeneyo okuthutha impahla. Uninzi lweenkampani zokuthutha impahla zihlawulisa ngokwahlukeneyo iimpahla. Ezinye iimpahla zinokuba neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlulahlula. Umzekelo, i-citric acid ingaxelwa njengokutya, kuba yinto ekrwada yokwenza iziselo, kwaye ingaxelwa njengezinto ezikrwada zekhemikhali. Umahluko kwizinga lokuthutha impahla phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeempahla unokuba yi-200 yeedola zaseMelika.
3. Ukuba awungxamanga, ungakhetha inqanawa ehamba kancinci okanye engathanga ngqo. Kakade ke, oku kufuneka kube phantsi kwengcamango yokungachaphazeli ukufika ngexesha. Ixabiso lempahla kwimarike yempahla yaselwandle liyatshintsha ngamanye amaxesha, kungcono ukuba nolwazi oluthe vetshe ngalo mba. Bambalwa abathengisi abaya kuthatha inyathelo lokukwazisa ngokuncitshiswa kwempahla. Kakade ke, abayi kusilela ukukuxelela xa iindleko zokuthumela zinyuka. Ukongeza, phakathi kwabasebenzi beshishini obaqhelileyo, kufuneka uqaphele "ukuqhelana" kweqela elinye malunga namaxabiso empahla.
06. Izakhono zokuphatha iimpahla ze-LCL
Inkqubo yokuthutha ye-LCL inzima kakhulu kuneye-FCL, kwaye imithwalo iguquguquka. Kukho iinkampani ezininzi zokuthutha ezenza i-FCL, kwaye ixabiso liya kuba licacile kwimarike yokuthutha. Kakade ke, i-LCL ikwanayo ixabiso lemarike elivulekileyo, kodwa iindleko ezongezelelweyo zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo zokuthutha zahlukile kakhulu, ngoko ke ixabiso lempahla kuluhlu lwamaxabiso lwenkampani yokuthutha liya kuba yinxalenye yentlawulo yokugqibela.
Into echanekileyo kukuba, okokuqala, qinisekisa zonke izinto ezihlawuliswe ngokubhaliweyo ukuze kubonwe ukuba ikhowuteshini yazo yixabiso elipheleleyo na, ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba umninimzi angathathi nyathelo emva koko. Okwesibini, kukubala ubunzima kunye nobukhulu beempahla ngokucacileyo ukuze zingaphazamisi.
Nangona ezinye iinkampani zothutho zibonelela ngamaxabiso aphantsi, zihlala zinyusa ixabiso ngendlela engabonakaliyo ngokugqithisela iindleko zobunzima okanye ubungakanani. Okwesithathu, kukufumana inkampani egxile kwi-LCL. Olu hlobo lwenkampani luhlanganisa ngokuthe ngqo izikhongozeli, kwaye iindleko zokuthutha kunye nezongezelelo abazihlawulisayo ziphantsi kakhulu kunezo zeenkampani eziphakathi.
Nokuba ngaliphi na ixesha, akulula ukufumana yonke ipeni. Ndiyathemba ukuba wonke umntu angonga imali eninzi kwezothutho aze andise inzuzo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-07-2023
